数学物理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1242-1282.
收稿日期:
2023-10-27
修回日期:
2024-04-29
出版日期:
2024-10-26
发布日期:
2024-10-16
通讯作者:
*郝惠琴, E-mail: 作者简介:
张岩, E-mail: 基金资助:
Zhang Yan(),Hao Huiqin*(
),Guo Rui(
)
Received:
2023-10-27
Revised:
2024-04-29
Online:
2024-10-26
Published:
2024-10-16
Supported by:
摘要:
该文中, 通过 Whitham 调制理论研究了广义 Gardner 方程的初始不连续性的演化, 该方程可以描述地形上分层流体的跨临界流动. 首先, 通过雅可比椭圆函数表示的周期波推导出不同极限情况下的线性谐波, 孤子和非线性三角波. 随后通过有限间隙积分方法得到了基于黎曼不变量的 Whitham 特征速度与调制系统. 由于广义 Gardner 方程的调制系统既不是严格的椭圆型也不是严格的双曲型, 这使得与 KdV 方程相比, 不同区域当中的动力学演化行为更加多样化. 此外, 对正负三次非线性项情况下的所有波结构进行了完整的分类, 包括色散冲击波, 稀疏波, 三角冲击波, 扭结及其组合波结构, 并通过数值模拟验证了结果的正确性. 最后分析了一定条件下线性项和非线性项的系数对阶跃初值问题的影响.
中图分类号:
张岩, 郝惠琴, 郭睿. 阶跃初值条件解的完全分类: 流体力学中广义 Gardner 方程的分析与数值验证[J]. 数学物理学报, 2024, 44(5): 1242-1282.
Zhang Yan, Hao Huiqin, Guo Rui. The Complete Classification of Solutions to the Step Initial Condition: Analysis and Numerical Verification for the Generalized Gardner Equation in Fluid Mechanics[J]. Acta mathematica scientia,Series A, 2024, 44(5): 1242-1282.
图30
方程 (1.4) 在区域 5 ∼ 区域 8 中初始不连续的演化行为, 其中虚线分别代表边界 x−=τ−t, x+=τ+t 和 x∗=τ∗t. (a), (c), (e), (g) 和 (i) 为方程 (1.4) 的解析解. (b), (d), (f), (h) 和 (j) 为方程 (1.4) 的数值模拟结果, 参数如下: (a) k1=12, k2=−1, d=−30, u−=9, u+=11, (c) k1=2, k2=−12, d=−32, u−=1, u+=4, (e) k1=3, k2=−1, d=−1, u−=−1, u+=3, (g) k1=3, k2=−1, d=−1, u−=−1, u+=2, (i) k1=3, k2=−1, d=−1, u−=−1, u+=0. 图中分别显示的是 t=3,100,70,70,70 时的情况."
图38
方程 (1.4) 在区域 1 ∼ 区域 4 中初始不连续的演化行为, 其中虚线分别代表边界x−=τ−t,x+=τ+t 和 x∗=τ∗t. (a), (c), (e) 和 (g) 为方程 (1.4) 的解析解. (b), (d), (f) 和 (h) 为方程 (1.4) 的数值模拟结果, 参数如下: (a) k1=8, k2=4, d=−5, u−=−2, u+=−5, (c) k1=12, k2=4, d=4, u−=1, u+=−6, (e) k1=6, k2=3, d=8, u−=1, u+=−2, (g) k1=8, k2=2, d=2, u−=3, u+=−1. 图中分别显示的是 t=10,1,5,12 时的情况."
图40
方程 (1.4) 在区域 5 ∼ 区域8中初始不连续的演化行为, 其中虚线分别代表边界 x−=τ−t, x+=τ+t 和 x∗=τ∗t. (a), (c), (e) 和 (g) 为方程 (1.4) 的解析解. (b), (d), (f) 和 (h) 为方程 (1.4) 的数值模拟结果, 参数如下: (a) k1=16, k2=2, d=−6, u−=−3, u+=2, (c) k1=2, k2=1, d=−2, u−=−2, u+=1, (e) k1=8, k2=4, d=8, u−=−5, u+=1, (g) k1=8, k2=2, d=2, u−=−7, u+=−3. 图中分别显示的是 t=10,80,12,12 时的情况."
图42
当 k1 变化时, t=20 时刻区域 1 内正向色散激波的演化行为. 当 k1>0 时, 从上到下的参数如下: u−=5, u+=4; u−=7/2, u+=14(27−√217); u−=8−√29, u+=8−4√2; u−=10−√65, u+=10−2√17; u−=14(57−√2689), u+=14(57−√2737); u−=25−√590, u+=25−√593 并且 k2=−1, d=1. 当 k1<0 时, u−=−1−√5, u+=−1−2√2; u−=−2−2√2, u+=−2−√11; u−=−3−√13, u+=−7; u−=−4−2√5, u+=−4−√23 并且 k2=−1, d=40."
图43
当 k1 变化时, t=5 时刻区域 1 内反向稀疏波的演化行为. 当 k1>0 时, (a) 的参数从上到下依次为: u−=−3, u+=−7; u−=12(−7−√37), u+=12(−7−√133); u−=12(−9−√69), u+=12(−9−√165); u−=−6−√33, u+=−6−√57; u−=12(−15−√213), u+=12(−15−√309); u−=14(−35−√1177), u+=14(−35−√1561) 并且 k2=2, d=−5. 当 k1<0 时, (b) 的参数从上到下依次为: u−=15−√222, u+=15−√246; u−=12(15−√213), u+=12(15−√309); u−=5−√22, u+=5−√46; u−=12(7−√37), u+=12(7−√133); u−=14(11−√73), u+=14(11−√457); u−=1, u+=−3 并且 k2=2, d=−5."
图44
(a) 为 k2 变化时 t=1 时刻区域 2 内复合解的演化行为, 参数从上到下依次为: u−=4, u+=−4; u−=12(1+√17), u+=−3; u−=110(3+√249), u+=−125; u−=116(3+√393), u+=116(3−3√129) 并且 k1=6, d=15. (b) 和 (c) 为 k2 变化 t=10 和 t=2 刻区域 1 内正向色散冲击波的演化行为. (b) 的参数从上到下依次为: u−=0, u+=−1; u−=0, u+=13(1−√37); u−=0, u+=1−√13; u−=0, u+=3−3√5; u−=0, u+=6−6√13; u−=0, u+=10−2√55 并且 k1=2, d=1. (c) 的参数从上到下依次为: u−=126(−1−√209), u+=126(−1−√937); u−=122(−1−√177), u+=122(−1−√793); u−=118(−1−√145), u+=118(−1−√649); u−=114(−1−√113), u+=114(−1−√505); u−=−1, u+=−2 并且 k1=−2, d=1."
图45
(a) 为 k2 变化时 t=5 时刻区域 6 内复合解的演化行为, 参数从上到下依次为: u−=−45, u+=45; u−=13(−1−√14), u+=43; u−=13(−2−√26), u+=13(−1+√13); u−=−3, u+=2 并且 k1=2, d=−2. (b) 为 k2 变化时 t=0.1 时刻区域 4 内正向色散冲击波的演化行为, 参数从上到下依次为: u−=−40+16√10, u+=0; u−=8, u+=0; u−=−4+4√7, u+=0; u−=−2+2√13, u+=0; u−=4, u+=0 并且 k1=8, d=2. (c) 为 k2 变化时, t=2 时刻区域 2 内复合解的演化行为, 参数从上到下依次为: u−=3+√3, u+=3−3√3; u−=4, u+=−2; u−=1+√3, u+=1−√7; u−=12(1+√7), u+=12(1−√13) 并且 k1=−12, d=4."
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