Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 406-414.doi: 10.11938/cjmr20160305

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Effects of Acute Mequindox Exposure on Urinary Metabonome in Pigs

WAN Qian-fen1,3, HE Qing-hua2, WANG Yu-lan1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan (Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China;
    2. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2015-11-06 Revised:2016-07-11 Online:2016-09-05 Published:2016-09-05

Abstract:

Mequindox is a member of the quinoxaline family, and widely used in Chinese veterinary industry as an antibacterial drug. Toxicity of mequindox and the underlying mechanisms have been studied previously. However, endogenous metabolic alterations in animals caused by mequindox exposure are currently unknown. This study investigated the effects of acute mequindox exposure (10 mg/kg body weight) on urinary metabonome in pigs using an NMR-based metabonomics approach. The results showed that acute mequindox exposure significantly decreased the levels of creatine, hippurate and p-cresol glucuronide in the urine of treated pigs, whereas the levels of p-cresol and benzoate increased significantly. The changes of urinary metabolic profiles were long-lasting, and did not recover at 144 h post-exposure. At the dose given, mequindox mainly caused disturbance of gut microbial ecosystem. This study provided useful information on the effects of mequindox on metabolism in pigs, and might guide the safe application of mequindox in veterinary industry.

Key words: NMR, gut microbes, urinary metabonome, mequindox

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