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数学物理学报, 2021, 41(3): 874-881 doi:

论文

两参数Brown运动增量的局部泛函重对数律

刘永宏, 唐艺恒, 张晴晴

Local Functional Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Increments of Two-Parameter Brownian Motion

Liu Yonghong, Tang Yiheng, Zhang Qingqing

通讯作者: 刘永宏

收稿日期: 2020-09-11  

基金资助: 广西自然科学基金.  2020GXNSFAA159118
广西自然科学基金.  2018GXNSFBA281076
桂林电子科技大学研究生教育创新计划项目.  2020YCXS083

Received: 2020-09-11  

Fund supported: the NSF of Guangxi.  2020GXNSFAA159118
the NSF of Guangxi.  2018GXNSFBA281076
the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education.  2020YCXS083

Abstract

In this paper, using large deviations for two-parameter Brownian motion and increments of two-parameter Brownian motion, we obtain local functional law of the iterated logarithm for increments of two-parameter Brownian motion.

Keywords: Two-parameter Brownian motion ; Increments ; Local functional law of the iterated logarithm

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本文引用格式

刘永宏, 唐艺恒, 张晴晴. 两参数Brown运动增量的局部泛函重对数律. 数学物理学报[J], 2021, 41(3): 874-881 doi:

Liu Yonghong, Tang Yiheng, Zhang Qingqing. Local Functional Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Increments of Two-Parameter Brownian Motion. Acta Mathematica Scientia[J], 2021, 41(3): 874-881 doi:

1 引言与结果

{w(s,t);s0,t0}是定义在概率空间(Ω,F,P)上的两参数Brown运动. 对这一过程轨道性质的研究已有许多深刻结果, 参见文献[1-3, 5]. 本文中, 我们也对两参数Brown运动Csörg\H{o}-Révész型增量的泛函极限问题进行了研究, 得到了一种局部泛函重对数律. 在文中, 我们设C={f;f:[0,1]2R,f}, 赋予一致范数f:=sup. {\cal C}_0: = \{f \in {\cal C}; f(0, t) = f(s, 0) = 0\} , {\cal H} = \{f \in {\cal C}_0; f\ \rm{绝对连续, }\ \|f\|_{\mathcal H}^2 = \int _0^1\int_0^1 |\frac{\partial^2f}{\partial y\partial x}|^2{\rm d}x{\rm d}y < +\infty\} , 设函数 I: {\cal C}_0\to [0, \infty] , 定义如下

I(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} { }\frac{\|z\|^2_{{\cal H}}}{2}, & {\rm{若}}\; z\in {\cal H}, \\ \infty, & \rm{否则}. \end{array} \right.

本文中, 设 a_u: (0, 1)\to (0, 1) 是非减连续函数, 满足

(i) a_u\leq u, \rm{对任何} u\in(0, 1) , \rm{并且}\lim\limits_{u\to0}a_u = 0 ;

(ii) \frac{u}{a_u} 非增;

(iii) \lim\limits_{u\to 0}\frac{\log(u/a_u)}{\log\log u^{-1}} = \frac{r}{2} , r 为非负常数. \\ 对 0\le s\le u-a_u, 0\leq t\leq u-a_u , (x, y)\in [0, 1]^2 , \Delta(s, t, a_ux, a_uy) 记下面轨道

\Delta(s, t, a_ux, a_uy) = w(s+a_ux, t+a_uy)-w(s+a_ux, t)-w(s, t+a_uy)+w(s, t),

\ell_u = \log\frac{u^2\log u^{-1}}{{a_u^2}} , \beta_u = (2{a_u^2}{\ell_u})^{-\frac{1}{2}} . 定义 Y_{s, t, u}(x, y) = \beta_u\Delta(s, t, a_ux, a_uy) .

K_b = \{f\in{\cal C}_0;I(f)\leq\frac{1}{2}b^2\}, {\quad} b: = b(r) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} { }\sqrt{\frac{r}{r+1}}, & {\rm{若}}\; 0\leq r<\infty, \\ 1, & \rm{若}\; r = \infty. \end{array} \right.

本文主要结果陈述如下:

定理 1.1  若条件(i)–(iii)成立, 那么我们有

\begin{equation} \liminf\limits_{u\to0}\sup\limits_{s, t\in [0, u-a_u]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u}(\cdot, \cdot)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\| = 0, \; \; a.s., \end{equation}
(1.1)

且对任意的 f\in K_b , 有

\begin{equation} \lim\limits_{u\to0}\inf\limits_{s, t\in [0, u-a_u]^2}\|Y_{s, t, u}(\cdot, \cdot)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\| = 0, \; \; a.s.. \end{equation}
(1.2)

2 若干引理

为证明我们的结果, 需要下面的引理.

引理 2.1[3, 引理2.1]  对任何闭集 F\subset {\cal C}_0 , 有

\limsup\limits_{\varepsilon\to 0}\varepsilon\log P(\sqrt{\varepsilon}w\in F)\le -\inf\limits_{f\in F}I(f),

对任何开集 G\subset {\cal C}_0 , 有

\liminf\limits_{\varepsilon\to 0}\varepsilon\log P(\sqrt{\varepsilon}w\in G)\ge -\inf\limits_{f\in G}I(f).

引理 2.2[3, 引理2.2]  对任何 0<a, b\le 1 和闭集 F\subset {\cal C}_0 , 有

\limsup\limits_{\varepsilon\to 0}\varepsilon\left(\log P\left(\bigcup\limits_{0\le s\le 1-a}\bigcup\limits_{0\le t\le 1-b}\left\{\sqrt{\frac{\varepsilon}{ab}}\Delta(s, t, a\cdot, b\cdot)\in F\right\}\right)+\log(ab)\right)\le-\inf\limits_{f\in F}I(f).

引理 2.3  设 f\in {\cal H} , f^*(\cdot, \cdot) = f(\lambda\cdot, \lambda'\cdot) , \lambda, \lambda'<1 , 那么

\|f-f^*\|\le \{((1-\lambda)(1-\lambda'))^{1/2}+(1-\lambda)^{1/2}+(1-\lambda')^{1/2}\}\|f\|_{{\cal H}}.

  设 f(s, t) = \int^s_0\int^t_0g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v, 0\le s, t\le 1 \|f\|_{{\cal H}}^2 = \int^1_0\int^1_0g^2(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v . 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} \left\|f(\cdot, \cdot)-f^*(\cdot, \cdot)\right\| & = &\sup\limits_{s, t\in[0, 1]^2}|f(s, t)-f(\lambda s, \lambda't)|{}\\ & = &\sup\limits_{s, t\in[0, 1]^2}\bigg|\int^s_0\int^t_0g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v-\int^{\lambda s}_0\int^{\lambda't}_0g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v\bigg|{}\\ & = &\sup\limits_{s, t\in[0, 1]^2}\bigg|\int^s_{\lambda s}\int^t_{\lambda't}g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v+\int^{s}_{\lambda s}\int^{\lambda't}_0g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v {}\\ && +\int^{\lambda s}_{0}\int^{t}_{\lambda' t}g(u, v){\rm d}_u{\rm d}_v\bigg|{}\\ &\le&\{((1-\lambda)(1-\lambda'))^{1/2}+(1-\lambda)^{1/2}+(1-\lambda')^{1/2}\}\|f\|_{{\cal H}}. \end{eqnarray}
(2.1)

引理2.3证毕.

引理 2.4[4, 引理4]  设 \{\xi_n\}_{n\ge 1} 为随机变量序列. 若 \lim\limits_{n\to \infty}P\{\xi_n\ge \xi_0\} = 0 , 则存在子列 \{\xi_{n_k}\} , 使得 { }\limsup_{k\to \infty}\xi_{n_k}\le \xi_0, \; a.s. , 因此 { }\liminf_{n\to \infty}\xi_n\le \xi_0, \; a.s. .

3 定理1.1的证明

3.1 (1.1)式的证明

(1.1)式的证明分三种情形完成:

(Ⅰ) 0<r<\infty , (Ⅱ) r = 0 , (Ⅲ) r = \infty .

情形(Ⅰ) 0<r<\infty .

引理 3.1  若条件 \rm(i)–(iii) 成立, 则存在 u_n^{-1} = e^{e^n} , 使得

\begin{equation} \lim\limits_{n\to\infty}P\Big(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|\ge \varepsilon\Big) = 0. \end{equation}
(3.1)

  设 A = \{g: \inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|g-f\|\ge \varepsilon\} , 则 A 是闭集, 存在任意小的 \delta>0 , 使得 \inf\limits_{g\in A}I(g)>\frac{1}{2}b^2(r)+\delta . 为了简单, 我们设 \frac{a_{u_n}}{u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}+a_{u_n}} = p , 由引理2.2, 对 n 足够大, 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, {u_n}-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u_n}-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &P\left(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, {u_n}-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\Big\|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot) -f(\cdot, \cdot)\Big\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &P\left(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, 1-p]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\Big\|\sqrt{\frac{1}{p^2}\frac{1}{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s, t, p\cdot, p\cdot) -f(\cdot, \cdot)\Big\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &P\left(\bigcup\limits_{s\in [0, 1-p]}\bigcup\limits_{t\in [0, 1-p]} \left\{\sqrt{\frac{1}{p^2}\frac{1}{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s, t, p\cdot, p\cdot)\in A\right\}\right){}\\ &\leq&\left(\frac{{u_n}-a_{u_{n+1}}+a_{u_n}}{a_{u_n}}\right)^2\left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{b^2(r)+\delta}{}\\ &\leq& 4\left(\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\right)^{2(1-b^2(r)-\delta)} \left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{b^2(r)+\delta}. \end{eqnarray}
(3.2)

在(3.2)式中, 若 1-b^2(r)-\delta\leq 0 , 则我们有

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u_n}-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ &\le &4\left(\log u_n^{-1}\right)^{-(b^2(r)+\delta)} = 4e^{-(b^2(r)+\delta)n}\to 0, (n\to\infty). \end{eqnarray}
(3.3)

否则, 若 1-b^2(r)-\delta> 0 , 由条件(iii), 对任意小的 \mu>0 , 我们有

\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\leq\left(\log u_n^{-1}\right)^{\frac{r}{2}+\frac{\mu}{2}},

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\sup\limits_{s, t\in [0, {u_n}-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u_n}-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ &\le &4\left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{-(r+\mu)(1-b^2(r)-\delta)+b^2(r)+\delta} = 4\left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{(\delta-\frac{1}{r+1})\mu+(r+1)\delta}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.4)

\delta<\frac{1}{r+1} , \mu\le\frac{1}{2}\frac{(r+1)^2\delta}{1-\delta(r+1)} , 使得 (\delta-\frac{1}{r+1})\mu+(r+1)\delta>0 , 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\sup\limits_{s, t\in [0, {u_n}-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\inf\limits_{f\in K_b}\|Y_{s, t, u_n}-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|\geq\varepsilon\right){}\\ &\le &4\left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{(\delta-\frac{1}{r+1})\mu+(r+1)\delta}\to 0, (n\to\infty). \end{eqnarray}
(3.5)

从而(3.1)式获证. 由引理3.1和引理2.4, 得到(1.1)式.

情形(Ⅱ) r = 0 .

类似情形(Ⅰ)的证明, 结论显然成立.

情形(Ⅲ) r = \infty .

r = \infty 时, b = 1 , 此时 K_b = \{f\in{\cal C}_0;2I(f)\leq 1\} . 为证(1.1)式, 只需证明下面的引理.

引理3.2  若条件(i)–(iii)成立, 设 u_n = \frac{1}{\theta^n}, \theta>1 , 我们有

\begin{equation} \limsup\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty}\sup\limits_ {(s, t)\in [0, u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\left\|\frac{\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}-K_b\right\| = 0, \; \; \; \; a.s.. \end{equation}
(3.6)

  设 A_1 = \{g: \|g-K_b\|\ge \varepsilon\} , 则 A_1 是闭集, 存在 \delta'>0 , 使得 \inf\limits_{g\in A_1}I(g)> \frac{1}{2}+\delta' .为了简单, 我们设 \frac{a_{u_n}}{u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}+a_{u_n}} = p ,

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\sup\limits_ {(s, t)\in [0, u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}]^2}\left\|\frac{1}{(2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n})^{1/2}}\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)-K_b\right\|\ge \varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &P\left(\sup\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, 1-\frac{a_{u_n}}{u_n-a_{u_{n+1}}+a_{u_n}}]^2}\left\|\sqrt{\frac{1}{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}p^2}}\Delta\left(s, t, pa_{u_n}\cdot, pa_{u_n}\cdot\right)-K_b\right\|\ge \varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &P\left(\mathop{\bigcup}\limits_{\mathop{0\le s\le 1-p}}\mathop{\bigcup}\limits_{\mathop{0\le t\le 1-p}} \left\{\sqrt{\frac{1}{p}\frac{1}{p}\frac{1}{2\log\frac{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}{a_{u_n}^2}}}\Delta\left(s, t, p\cdot, p\cdot\right)\in A_1\right\}\right){}\\ &\le&4\left(\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\right)^2\left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{1+\delta'}\le 4\left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{1+\delta'}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.7)

由Borel-Cantelli引理, 结束引理3.2的证明.

由引理3.2和引理2.4, 得到(1.1)式.

3.2 (1.2)式的证明

(1.2)式的证明分三种情形完成:

(Ⅰ') 0<r<\infty , (Ⅱ') r = 0 , (Ⅲ ' ) r = \infty .

情形(Ⅰ') 0<r<\infty

(1.2)式的证明由下面引理完成.

引理 3.3  如果条件(i)–(iii)成立, 那么对任何 f\in K_b , 存在子列 \{a_{u_n} = \theta^{-n}; \theta>1, n\ge 1\} , 使得

\begin{equation} \limsup\limits_{n\to \infty}\inf\limits_{s, t\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\left\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\right\| = 0, \; \; a.s.. \end{equation}
(3.8)

  设 s_i = ia_{u_{n}}, t_j = ja_{u_{n}}, i, j = 0, 1, 2, \cdot\cdot\cdot, k_n = [\frac{b_{u_{n+1}}}{a_{u_{n}}}]-1 . 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} & & P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ &\le & P\left(\min\limits_{0\le i, j\le k_n}\Big\|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s_i, t_j, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &\left\{1-P\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\ell_{u_n}}}w(\cdot, \cdot)\in B\right)\right\}^{(k_n+1)^2}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.9)

其中 B = \{g; \|g-f\|<\varepsilon\} . 由于 2\inf\limits_{g\in B}I(g)<b^2 , 故存在任意小的 \delta_0>0 , 使得 2\inf\limits_{g\in B}I(g)<b^2-2\delta_0 . n 足够大, 由大偏差(引理), 我们有

P\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\ell_{u_n}}}w(\cdot, \cdot)\in B\right)\ge \left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{b^2(r)-\delta_0}.

因此, 有

\begin{eqnarray} & &P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ &\le &\exp\left\{-\left(\Big[\frac{u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}}{a_{u_n}}\Big]+1\right)^2\left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{b^2(r)-\delta_0}\right\}{}\\ &\le &\exp\left\{-\frac{1}{4\theta^2}\left(\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\right)^{2(1-b^2(r)+\delta_0)}\left(\frac{1}{\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{b^2(r)-\delta_0}\right\}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.10)

由条件(iii), 对任意小的 \mu'>0 , 我们有

\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\ge (\log u_n^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}(r-\mu')},

故有

\begin{eqnarray} & &P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ &\le& \exp\left\{-\frac{1}{4\theta^2}\Big(\log u_n^{-1}\Big)^{(r-\mu')(1-b^2(r)+\delta_0)-b^2(r)+\delta_0}\right\}{}\\ & = &\exp\left\{-\frac{1}{4\theta^2}\Big(\log u_n^{-1}\Big)^{(r+1)\delta_0-(\delta_0+\frac{1}{r+1})\mu'}\right\}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.11)

在(3.11)式中, 可以取适当的 \mu' , 使 (r+1)\delta_0-(\delta_0+\frac{1}{r+1})\mu'>0 .

由条件(iii), 对任意小的 \eta'>0 , 我们有

\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}\le (\log u_n^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}(r+\eta')}\le(\log a_{u_n}^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}(r+\eta')},

因此

\log u_n^{-1}\ge \log a_{u_n}^{-1}-\frac{1}{2}(r+\eta')\log\log a_{u_n}^{-1},

于是得到

\begin{eqnarray} &&P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ & \le& \exp\left\{-\frac{1}{4\theta^2}\Big(\log u_n^{-1}\Big)^{(r+1)\delta_0-(\delta_0+\frac{1}{r+1})\mu'}\right\}{}\\ &\le&\exp\left\{-\frac{1}{4\theta^2}\Big(\log a_{u_n}^{-1}-\frac{1}{2}(r+\eta')\log\log a_{u_n}^{-1}\Big)^{(r+1)\delta_0-(\delta_0+\frac{1}{r+1})\mu'}\right\}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.12)

\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^{\infty}P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n}(\cdot, \cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right)<\infty. \end{equation}
(3.13)

从而引理3.3得证.

引理 3.4  若条件(i)–(iii)成立, 则对任何 f\in K_b , 我们有

\begin{equation} \limsup\limits_{u\to 0}\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u-a_u]^2}\Big\|\frac{\Delta(s, t, a_u\cdot, a_u\cdot)}{\sqrt{2a_u^2\ell_u}}-f\Big\| = 0, \; \; a.s.. \end{equation}
(3.14)

  设 u_n 如引理3.3中定义. 对 u\in(u_{n+1}, u_n] , 注意到

Y_{s, t, u}(x, y) = \frac{\beta_{u}}{\beta_{u_n}}Y_{s, t, u_n}\Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}x, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}y\Big),

我们有

\begin{eqnarray} & &\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u-a_u]^2}\|Y_{s, t, u}(\cdot, \cdot)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\|{}\\ & = &\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u-a_u]^2}\Big\|\frac{\beta_u}{\beta_{u_n}}Y_{s, t, u_n}\Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\Big\|{}\\ &\le & \inf\limits_{(s, t)\in [0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\frac{\beta_u}{\beta_{u_n}}\Big\|Y_{s, t, u_n} \Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)-f \Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)\Big\|{}\\ &&+\left|\frac{\beta_u}{\beta_{u_n}}-1\right|\left\|f\Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)\right\| +\Big\|f\Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\Big\|. \end{eqnarray}
(3.15)

注意到

\begin{eqnarray} \frac{\beta_u}{\beta_{u_n}}&\le &\frac{\beta_{u_{n+1}}}{\beta_{u_n}} = \left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2\log\frac{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}{a_{u_n}^2}}{a^2_{u_{n+1}}\log\frac{u_{n+1}^2\log u_{n+1}^{-1}}{a_{u_{n+1}}^2}}\right)^{1/2} \le \left(\frac{a^2_{{u_n}}}{a^2_{{u_{n+1}}}}\right)^{1/2} = \theta, \end{eqnarray}
(3.16)

由引理2.3, 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} \left\|f\Big(\frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot, \frac{a_u}{a_{u_n}}\cdot\Big)-f(\cdot, \cdot)\right\|&\le &\left|1-\frac{a_{u_{n+1}}}{a_{u_n}}\right|+2\left|1-\frac{a_{u_{n+1}}}{a_{u_n}}\right|^{1/2}{}\\ &\le &\left|1-\frac{1}{\theta}\right|+2\left|1-\frac{1}{\theta}\right|^{1/2}. \end{eqnarray}
(3.17)

\theta\to 1 , 由(3.15)–(3.17)式和引理3.3, 我们得到(3.14)式. 从而(1.2)式获证.

情形(Ⅱ') r = 0

类似情形(Ⅰ')的证明, 结论显然成立.

情形(Ⅲ') r = \infty

r = \infty 时, b = 1 , 此时 K_b = \{f\in{\cal C}_0;2I(f)\leq 1\} . 为证(2)式, 只需证明下面的引理.

引理 3.5  如果条件 \rm(i)–(iii) 成立, 那么对任何 f\in K_b , 存在子列 \{u_n, n\ge 1\} , 使得

\begin{equation} \limsup\limits_{n\to \infty}\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\left\|\frac{\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}-f\right\| = 0, \; \; a.s.. \end{equation}
(3.18)

  因为 \lim\limits_{u\to 0}\frac{\log\frac{u}{a_u}}{\log\log u^{-1}} = \infty , 故存在递减子列 \{u_n, n\ge 1\} 使得 \frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}} = n^{d} . s_i = ia_{u_{n}}, t_j = ja_{u_{n}}, i, j = 0, 1, 2, \cdot\cdot\cdot , k_n = [\frac{u_{n+1}}{a_{u_{n}}}]-1 , h(n) = \frac{\log\frac{u_n}{a_{u_n}}}{\log\log u_n^{-1}} = \frac{\log n^{d}}{\log\log u_n^{-1}} . 我们有 u_n^{-1} = \exp(n^{\frac{d}{h(n)}}) h(n)\to \infty , n\to \infty . 而且, 对任意小的 \alpha>0 , \frac{n^\alpha}{\log u_n^{-1}}\to \infty , 1\le \frac{u_n}{u_{n+1}} = \exp\{(n+1)^{\frac{d}{h(n+1)}}- n^{\frac{d}{h(n)}}\}\le\exp(n^{\frac{d}{h(n)}-1})\to 1, (n\to \infty) . n 足够大, 我们有

\begin{eqnarray} & &P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ &\le & P\left(\min\limits_{0\le i, j\le k_n}\Big\|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s_i, t_j, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\right){}\\ & = &\left\{1-P\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\ell_{u_n}}}w(\cdot, \cdot)\in B_1\right)\right\}^{(k_n+1)^2}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.19)

其中 B_1 = \{g; \|g-f\|<\varepsilon\} . 因为 2\inf\limits_{g\in B_1}I(g)<1 , 选 \delta''>0 , 使得 \mu_0: = 2\inf\limits_{g\in B_1}I(g)+2\delta''<1 . n 足够大, 由大偏差

P\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\ell_{u_n}}}w(\cdot, \cdot)\in B_1\right)\ge \left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{\mu_0}.

因此

\begin{eqnarray} & & P\left(\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big(\Big\|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)-f\Big\|\ge \varepsilon\Big)\right){}\\ &\le &\exp\left\{-\left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{\mu_0}\left(\left[\frac{u_{n+1}}{a_{u_n}}\right]\right)^2\right\}, \end{eqnarray}
(3.20)

若选适当的 d , 那么

\sum\limits_n \exp\left\{-\left(\frac{a_{u_n}^2}{u_n^2\log u_n^{-1}}\right)^{\mu_0}\left(\left[\frac{u_{n+1}}{a_{u_n}}\right]\right)^2\right\}<\infty,

由Borel-Cantelli引理

\limsup\limits_{n\to \infty}\inf\limits_{(s, t)\in[0, u_{n+1}-a_{u_n}]^2}\Big\|\frac{\Delta(s, t, a_{u_n}\cdot, a_{u_n}\cdot)}{\sqrt{2a_{u_n}^2\ell_{u_n}}}-f\Big\| = 0, \; \; a.s..

至此, 引理3.5获证.

由引理3.5, 类似于引理3.4的证明, 可以得到(1.2)式.

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