胶束型磁共振成像分子探针的设计与应用

doi:10.11938/cjmr20212933

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

飞速发展的分子影像学在肿瘤的早期诊断及检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用.磁共振成像(MRI)是分子影像学的重要分支，具有其他成像技术不可比拟的优越性和广阔的发展前景.它不需要放射性示踪剂，没有电离辐射，具有高的空间、时间分辨率和组织对比度.近年来，新型磁共振分子探针及成像序列取得了一系列进展，包括环境响应型分子探针、¹⁹F成像、¹²⁹Xe超极化成像以及化学交换饱和转移成像等，进一步拓展了MRI的应用范围.研究和开发靶向性好、弛豫效率高且安全性好的新型多模态MRI造影剂，进一步提高灵敏度是MRI领域的一项重要课题，例如将胶束的特性与一些MRI新方法结合，寻找合适的胶束体系，以提高MRI分子探针的灵敏度；或者引入多模态分子探针，弥补磁共振方法的不足.本文综述了胶束型MRI分子探针核心技术的研究进展与应用，并指出分子影像技术在生物医学工程研究和临床诊断中的重要性.

关键词: 分子影像技术, 磁共振成像(MRI), 多模态成像, 分子探针, 胶束

Abstract:

Molecular imaging plays an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis and detection of tumors. As a significant branch of molecular imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows incomparable advantages and broad development prospects than other imaging technologies. It requires no radioactive tracer, no ionizing radiation, but presents high spatial and temporal resolution and tissue contrast. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research and development of new magnetic resonance molecular probes and imaging sequences, including responsive molecular probes, ¹⁹F MRI, hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe MRI, and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, which have expanded the application range of MRI. One crucial research in MRI development is to further improve sensitivity. Therefore, the research of new multimodal MRI contrast agents with good targeting capacity, high relaxation efficiency and high safety is an important topic in the current biomedical engineering field. For example, the sensitivity of MRI molecular probes could be improved by combining the characteristics of micelles with some new magnetic resonance methods. Some deficiencies of MRI could be overcome by introducing multimodal molecular probes. This article reviews the research progress and application analysis of the core technology of micellar MRI molecular probes, and elucidates the importance of molecular imaging technology in biomedical engineering research and clinical diagnosis.

Key words: molecular imaging technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodal imaging, molecular probes, micelles

中图分类号:

O482.53

肖龙,朱筱磊,韩叶清,陈世桢,周欣. 胶束型磁共振成像分子探针的设计与应用[J]. 波谱学杂志, 2021, 38(4): 474-490.

Long XIAO,Xiao-lei ZHU,Ye-qing HAN,Shi-zhen CHEN,Xin ZHOU. Design and Application of Micellar Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molecular Probe[J]. Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2021, 38(4): 474-490.

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胶束链段	负载物	胶束直径	参考文献
聚乙二醇/聚丙烯酸-聚己内酯(PEG/PAA-PCL)	T₁、T₂造影剂及其他	100~200 nm	[11-17]
聚乙二醇-聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PEG-PNIPAM)	T₁、T₂造影剂及其他	50~300 nm	[18-21]
聚乙二醇-聚赖氨酸(PEG-Plys)	T₁、T₂造影剂及其他	50~200 nm	[22-27]
聚乙二醇-聚天冬氨酸(PEG-PAsp)	T₁造影剂及其他	50~200 nm	[28-31]
聚环氧乙烷-聚N, N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(PEO-PDMA)	T₁造影剂	70 nm	[32]
脂质体(lipid)	T₁、T₂造影剂及其他	50~300 nm	[33-39]

聚合物名称	重复单元结构	类型	响应范围
聚(N-乙烯基吡啶) Poly(N-vinyl pyridine)		pH敏感型	pH：3~5
聚(丙烯酸) Poly(Acrylic acid)		pH敏感型	pH：5~7
葡聚糖Dextran		pH敏感型	pH：3~5
聚(L-天冬氨酸) Poly(L-aspartic acid)		pH敏感型	pH：6~8
聚(L-组氨酸) Poly(L-histidine)		pH敏感型	pH：5~7
聚己内酯Poly(ε-carprolactone)		pH及温度敏感型	pH：5~7 T：35~40 ℃
聚(异丙基丙烯酰胺)Poly(Isopropyl-acrylamide)		温度敏感型	T：35~40 ℃
聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)Poly(Lacide-co-glycolide)		温度敏感型	T：30~40 ℃

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